Purpose: The occurrence of every phenomenon is accompanied by opportunities and challenges, which recognition and understanding will lead to using the identified opportunities to overcome the existing and future challenges as much as possible and to solve them and strengthen and improve the desired phenomenon. Considering the increasing importance of smart libraries and the point that the future will be of those smart libraries, it seems it is necessary to understand and recognize the opportunities and challenges ahead. The current research seeked to identify these opportunities and challenges and provide solutions if needed.Methods: The present research was a review approach using qualitative content analysis and inductive methods to examine and analyze existing documents in the field of smart libraries to identify upcoming opportunities and challenges. The statistical population of the research was all the documents available and related to the subject of the smart library in citation databases like Scopus, Web Of Science, and databases like Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, Emerald, IEEE, Taylor & Francis, ProQuest, Ebsco, JSTOR, SAGE, ACM, and Eric.Findings: Users, librarians, data, budget, technical, cultural and social, legal and ethical issues, policies and laws, and security were the most important challenges facing smart libraries. On the other hand, opportunities included using data for evidence-based decision-making, developing improved user experience, increasing collaboration and partnership with users and local communities, developing community teaching and learning, and promoting cultural development. Conclusion: To face challenges and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary for smart libraries to manage all aspects of their performance and make continuous efforts to improve services and adapt to the changing needs of society. Librarians need to acquire abilities for efficient management and optimal use of technology. To face this challenge, proper education and training of librarians, upgrading their technical skills, creating awareness and facilitating the change process, and paying attention to attracting and hiring expert and experienced librarians can be helpful. Providing workshops, resources, and training courses for users to familiarize themselves with the capabilities and features of new technologies, automatic systems, and how to use smart libraries helps users acquire the necessary skills for the use of intelligent systems to obtain a smart library. smart libraries can help compensate for their costs more by working towards partnerships and cooperation with companies, educational institutions, and other libraries. The use of advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, machine learning, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and data mining for data analysis, predicting the needs and behavior of users, automating processes, and providing personalized services, helps to develop smart libraries. Research, formulation, and presentation of policies and standards for data transparency can help smart libraries in facing the challenge of data management and exploitation.

In this paper, a new method for extending and relaxing the noise-coupling (NC) technique is proposed to enhance the noise-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The noise-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order noise-coupling technique is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the noise transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, power consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new noise-coupling method is used to achieve the three-order noise shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-power. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

Background & objectives: File fracture is one of the main concerns in root canal therapy, which can affect endodontic treatment outcomes. The present study aimed to assess the fracture rate of the smart Tract X3 as a new file system, in comparison with the commonly used rotary file system, during the preparation of simulated severely curved root canals. Methods: A total of  180 resin blocks with simulated severely curved canals were randomly assigned to three equal groups (n=60) including smart Tract X3, ProTaper Universal and Neoniti. Each set of files was used for cleaning and shaping of five canals, in total, 12 sets of files were used to prepare 60 channels in each group. All files were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The number (%) of fractures, location, length and distance of fractured segments from the apex of the block were recorded. Results: Overall 60 files of smart tractX3 and ProTaper universal (5 files in a set) and 36 files of the Neoniti (3 files in a set) were used. The fracture rate did not show a statistically significant difference in between-groups comparison. All fractures occurred at the apical third of the canal with the mean length of fractured segments and the distance of fractured segments from the apex of the block 2. 228±0. 216 mm and 0. 845±0. 186 mm, respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant statistical difference among smart Tract X3, ProTaper Universal, and Neoniti files regarding the incidence of fracture during the preparation of five severely curved canals.

A B S T R A C TToday, all officials involved with the challenges of city sustainability have accepted the idea of a smarter city, using more technologies, creating better living conditions and protecting the environment for a better quality of life. The central part of the metropolis of Tabriz is based on Region 8 and part of Region 10, a historical-cultural area with an area of 286 hectares and a population of about 40 thousand people in 8 neighbourhoods. This research was compiled to evaluate and explain the regeneration of the central part of Tabriz city with the approach of smart growth and in line with the sustainable development of problematic neighbourhoods in the 8th district of Tabriz metropolis. The present review is methodologically practical, to describe and analyze the goals of regeneration based on library studies. The statistical population of the research includes experts and people living in the central context. In the first part, the Delphi method was used by asking experts. In the second part, the structural equation method of SPSS and AMOS software is used. According to the results of using the scales of design, pedestrian-oriented, intergenerational justice in the actual situation and 3 indicators of management and productivity, stable and value-creating jobs are in the potential situation. Also, two environmental indicators with the most direct and indirect effects and a cultural index have been decisive in the regeneration with the smart growth approach in the central part of Tabriz city. Therefore, in the regeneration of the central part, the studied indicators should be used simultaneously and integrated into the reconstruction projects of the central fabric of the city to lead to smart sustainabilityExtended AbstractIntroductionsmart growth is considered a lever for revitalizing neighborhoods and urban centers. In a general scenario of smart growth, knowing the time and resources of investment provides a new and sustainable life in the city center and worn-out and old textures. Moreover, finally, it will improve the quality of urban neighborhoods, especially worn-out ones, and revive them. Tabriz metropolis, one of the most important and largest cities in the country, with a long history of settlement, especially the central and old texture, due to developments in information and communication technology, extensive environmental, social, and economic changes in terms of time requirements, the traditional texture of roads, Deterioration of residential units, lack of equipment, infrastructure and urban services and environmental problems have caused the failure and physically turned into inefficient and problematic textures. Urban planning and development science must adopt a new decision and approach to face the existing and complex issues of worn-out texture. The main problem of the research is to evaluate and explain the regeneration of the central texture and strengthen them in line with the sustainable development of the problematic neighborhoods of Tabriz metropolis according to the solutions and principles of smart urban growth. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to answer the following question:- What are the effective indicators and components in the regeneration of the central texture of Tabriz metropolis with a smart growth approach? MethodologyThis research is applied and fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical. The collection methods are based on documentary and library studies, surveys, and interviews. In the first part, qualitative data was prepared with an open questionnaire and through interviews, as well as the review of documents and quantitative data used in this research numerically and through the weighting of Delphi questionnaires based on the consensus index model to determine importance, certainty, and priority. The panel members were 19 people (including 5 university faculty members, 7 field research experts, 4 executive experts, and 3 graduate students) selected based on the non-probability (targeted) method. In the second part, Cronbach's alpha method was exerted to measure the reliability of the questions, which was obtained as 0.89. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the Lawshe method was exploited. The statistical population of the second part includes District 8 of Tabriz, which is the central texture of the city and is equal to 34,231 people. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was equal to 379 people. Results and discussionIn the next step, path analysis was performed using AMOS 23 software to compare the integrated model with the hypotheses. The results of the path analysis, while verifying the structures, show that the value of the index of the critical ratio to the degree of freedom (CMIN/DF) is equal to 4.01, which is an optimal value for the model fit. Also, the goodness of fit index (GFI) is 0.952, which indicates the acceptability of this amount for the optimal fit of the model. The value of the root means the square error of estimation (RMSEA) is 0.065, which is acceptable because it is smaller than 0.08 and indicates the confirmation of the research model. Also, the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) is 0.917, the comparative fit index (CFI) is 0.92, and the normalized parsimonious fit index (PNFI) is 0.882, which all indicate that the fit and verification of the research model are desirable.Therefore, none of the objects are removed and remain in the model. Therefore, it is confirmed that the factor structure of regeneration indicators with the smart growth approach has reliability and construct validity. Also, the second-order factor analysis shows that the factor loadings of all regeneration indicators with the smart growth approach are greater than 0.4 and are significant at the 95% probability level. According to the results, the environmental dimension with a factor loading of 0.94 has the most significant effect on urban regeneration with the smart growth approach in the central texture of Tabriz city. After that, quality of life with a factor loading of 0.92, social dimension with a factor loading of 0.88, economic dimension with a factor loading of 0.83, physical dimension with a factor loading of 0.81, transportation dimension with a factor loading of 0.74 and cultural dimension in order with a factor loading of 0.72, are in the following ranks.According to the final structural model results, the environmental index has the highest value, with a direct effect of 0.594 and an indirect effect of 0.275. Moreover, after that, respectively, the quality of life index with a direct effect of 0.513 and an indirect effect of 0.236, a social index with a direct effect of 0.476 and an indirect effect of 0.217, an economic index with a direct effect of 0.451 and an indirect effect of 0.222, Physical with the direct effect of 0.435 and indirect effect of 0.205, mobility index with the direct effect of 0.373 and indirect effect of 0.182 and cultural index with the effect of direct values of 0.295 and indirect effect of 0.153 are influential in regeneration with smart growth approach in the central part of Tabriz city. ConclusionIn this research, seven main indicators related to the subject were investigated. The results showed that the environmental index with the most significant direct and indirect effect is the focus of the evaluation. After that, dimensions and indicators of quality of life, social index, economic index, physical index, mobility index, and cultural index have been influential. According to the results, the urban environment index was analyzed as the most important factor at a high level, and this means that for urban regeneration with a smart growth approach, improving the environmental and physical conditions in the worn-out and central texture of Tabriz city in the current situation is a priority. It is first. This is the most well-known part of regeneration with a smart growth approach. The analysis results show that this is not the case only in the case of transportation infrastructure. However, more comprehensive urban infrastructure such as the urban landscape, open spaces, green and parks, etc. are also crucial in improving the physical conditions of the infrastructure. Also, this study's results show that the economic sector's importance is as important as improving the physical conditions of the infrastructure. In addition, in the worn-out texture of District 8 of Tabriz city, the sociocultural sector is essential, and the revival of historical and cultural resources is considered one of the urban regeneration options. Funding There is no funding support. Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.  Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest. AcknowledgmentsWe are grateful to all the scientific.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the library anxiety of students, and the effect of library skills instruction and library tours on decreasing their library anxiety.Methodology: The population of study- which conducted using the “pretest-posttest” experimental method- was 75 first year students at the University of Malaya, a research-intensive university in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. First, the levels of students’ library anxiety were investigated using a revised version of the Bostick’s library Anxiety Scale. Then, study participants were divided into three groups: first group participated in educational library skills instruction sessions; second group participated in library tours without attending in library skills instruction sessions; and students in the third group neither participated in library skills instruction sessions nor library tours.Findings: The levels of participant’s library anxiety were investigated using the same instrument after two weeks. Findings of the study revealed that although there were no statistically significant differences between pre-test of three groups, the levels of library anxiety among the students in the second group were statistically significantly decreased. On the other hand, students in the second group reported to have experienced lower levels of library anxiety after participation in library skills instruction sessions, but not at a statistically significant level.

The current research tries to investigate the Qur'an perspective on the goal setting, formulate the Qur’anic goal setting model and compare it with the smart goal setting model using a qualitative and analytical method. The goals in the smart model are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and scheduled. In the study of the Qur'an, the verses related to goal setting were extracted and the Qur'anic model of "goal setting" were formulated. In this model, the general goal (nearness to God), continuous goals (piety and religiosity) and partial goals (necessity, value, purity and balance) were formulated. The findings showed that the Qur’anic goal setting model has similarities and differences with the smart model. The results show that some of the features and principles of smart goal setting in general and some of the details overlap with the Qur'an goal setting model. But the most important principle in goal setting in the Qur'an is to reach the nearness and pleasure of God; But in the smart model, a person targets only his important and favorite goals.

Introduction: smart libraries represent a new generation of libraries whose use is growing. This study aims to provide a narrative review of the implementation requirements needed for their development. Methods: This paper used a narrative approach to collect and review studies. In this review, published documents from 2000 to 2023 were retrieved by searching the following three electronic scientific databases: Web of Knowledge, PubMed, and Scopus using keywords including “smart library,” “intelligent library,” “concept,” “infrastructure,” “resource,” “service delivery,” and “implement challenge.” Endnote software was used to manage search results and data collected using a form based on content analysis. Results: A smart library integrates advanced technologies and user-centered services to provide automated resource access. smart libraries rely on technologies like the Internet of Things (IOT), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and data mining to enhance services. smart libraries prioritize user satisfaction by integrating intelligent human and material resources, leveraging artificial intelligence and metadata to automate resource procurement and decision-making based on user characteristics and open resource analysis. smart libraries deliver physical and remote services through the Internet, allowing users to interact with the library at any time and location. smart libraries face security, infrastructure integration, financial costs, and staff training challenges. Conclusion: Libraries and information centers must comprehend the functions and requirements of a smart library and facilitate the transition to the new generation of smart libraries and their effective implementation. This demands increased attention from information center managers and officials.

Purpose: Determining the use of Internet of Things (IoT) in selected librariesMethod: This survey used a researcher-made checklist. ؟ ؟experts confirmed the validity of the tool. Websites of twenty libraries as well as the literature about the use of the IoT by them were examined. Also we contacted with relevant people in the target libraries to receive additional data. Types of libraries, services provided by IoT technologies and tools were investigated.Findings: The libraries benefited from 1) Radio wave identification technology (RFID); 2) Bluebeam technology; 3) smart camera 4) smart public areas project; 5) Hui Wen library information service system; 6) Montreal; 7) Book robot; 8) smart robot; 9) Car to Car communication; 10) Capira mobile application is used to provide services. Bluebeam technology provided users with widest range of all the 10 services. Hui Wen's library information service system by benfiting from eight applications came top in using IoT.Conclusion: The very fact that libraries studied continue to use IoT, may suggest that Iranian libraries should consider employing this emerging technology